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- Art. 3 FC
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- Art. 96 para. 1 FC
- Art. 96 para. 2 lit. a FC
- Art. 110 FC
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- Art. 11 CO
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- Art. 84 CO
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- Art. 143 CO
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- Art. 150 CO
- Art. 633 CO
- Art. 701 CO
- Art. 715 CO
- Art. 715a CO
- Art. 734f CO
- Art. 785 CO
- Art. 786 CO
- Art. 787 CO
- Art. 788 CO
- Art. 808c CO
- Transitional provisions to the revision of the Stock Corporation Act of June 19, 2020
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- Art. 2 PRA
- Art. 3 PRA
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- Art. 6 PRA
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- Art. 90 PRA
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- Vorb. zu Art. 1 FADP
- Art. 1 FADP
- Art. 2 FADP
- Art. 3 FADP
- Art. 4 FADP
- Art. 5 lit. c FADP
- Art. 5 lit. d FADP
- Art. 5 lit. f und g FADP
- Art. 6 para. 3-5 FADP
- Art. 6 Abs. 6 and 7 FADP
- Art. 7 FADP
- Art. 10 FADP
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- Art. 31 para. 2 lit. e FADP
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- Art. 2 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 3 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 4 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 5 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 6 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 7 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 8 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 9 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 11 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 12 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 16 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 18 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 25 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 27 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 28 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 29 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 32 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 33 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 34 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
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- Art. 2 para. 1 AMLA
- Art. 2a para. 1-2 and 4-5 AMLA
- Art. 2 para. 3 AMLA
- Art. 3 AMLA
- Art. 7 AMLA
- Art. 7a AMLA
- Art. 8 AMLA
- Art. 8a AMLA
- Art. 11 AMLA
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- Art. 38 AMLA
FEDERAL CONSTITUTION
MEDICAL DEVICES ORDINANCE
CODE OF OBLIGATIONS
FEDERAL LAW ON PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
LUGANO CONVENTION
CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE
FEDERAL ACT ON POLITICAL RIGHTS
CIVIL CODE
FEDERAL ACT ON CARTELS AND OTHER RESTRAINTS OF COMPETITION
FEDERAL ACT ON INTERNATIONAL MUTUAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS
DEBT ENFORCEMENT AND BANKRUPTCY ACT
FEDERAL ACT ON DATA PROTECTION
CRIMINAL CODE
CYBERCRIME CONVENTION
COMMERCIAL REGISTER ORDINANCE
FEDERAL ACT ON COMBATING MONEY LAUNDERING AND TERRORIST FINANCING
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT
FEDERAL ACT ON THE INTERNATIONAL TRANSFER OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
I. Ratio legis
1 Creditors who did not participate in the bankruptcy proceedings do not receive a certificate of insolvency (OK-Constantin, Art. 265 LP N. 2). However, the absence or failure to file in the bankruptcy does not give them any advantage under Art. 267 LP. The purpose of the rule is to encourage creditors to file their claims in the bankruptcy and not to attempt to escape its negative effects (OK-Constantin, Art. 265 LP N. 22 ff.).
2 Art. 267 LP also establishes a certain equality of treatment between creditors who have filed their claims in the bankruptcy proceedings and those who have failed to do so (whether through negligence or wilfully), those who have filed their claims late and those who have been excluded from the proceedings. The aim is to prevent late or unregistered claims from being given priority over claims that have been duly filed in the bankruptcy proceedings and for which a certificate of insolvency has been issued due to insufficient liquidation proceeds.
II. Scope
3 Art. 267 LP regulates the fate of claims arising before or during bankruptcy, but for which no certificate of insolvency has been issued due to the creditor's failure to participate in the bankruptcy proceedings. It only applies if the bankruptcy proceedings have been closed, whether they were liquidated in the ordinary form (Art. 221 ff. LP) or summary form (Art. 231 LP), and if the creditors who filed their claims themselves suffered a loss attested by a certificate of insolvency (Art. 265 LP in conjunction with Art. 96 let. c OAOF; cf. N. 1; OK-Constantin, Art. 265 LP N. 2).
4 This applies to any claim that could have been filed during the bankruptcy proceedings and that is likely to be included in the liabilities within the meaning of Art. 197 and 208 ff. LP. This also applies to claims for services other than the payment of a sum of money, given that they are converted into claims of equivalent value in accordance with Art. 211 para. 1 LP. Public law claims, such as claims by a compensation fund or tax claims, are also covered.
5 Art. 267 LP applies provided that the former bankrupt person remains the debtor of the claim after the bankruptcy proceedings have been closed, which presupposes that their legal personality survives. This is not the case for a legal entity that is automatically removed from the commercial register when the bankruptcy is closed by court order (Art. 159a para. 1 let. b ORC). Nor does the status of debtor pass to heirs who have renounced the inheritance (Art. 566 ff CC; cf. also OK-Constantin, Art. 265a LP N. 2). In the latter case, the heirs or successors are not liable for the shortfall and Art. 267 LP does not apply (cf. OK-Constantin, Art. 265a LP N. 2 i.f.).
6 Art. 267 LP refers in particular to claims that have not been lodged within the time limit specified in Art. 232 para. 2 no. 2 LP or that have been lodged late within the meaning of Art. 251 LP, as well as claims that have been withdrawn by the creditor or that have been lodged but whose ranking has been refused. The material existence of the claim is not affected by the absence of participation in the bankruptcy proceedings or by the rejection of a submission; the creditor simply does not have the right to take part in the distribution of funds in the bankruptcy proceedings at the rank that would be assigned to them. The Federal Court recently confirmed that creditors who did not participate in the bankruptcy proceedings but who received a certificate of insolvency after seizure prior to those proceedings are also subject to Art. 267 LP. Thus, a creditor who has been issued a certificate of insolvency after seizure may file their claim in the subsequent bankruptcy of their debtor and obtain a certificate of insolvency after bankruptcy, or, if they do not file it, retain the certificate of insolvency after seizure, which will be subject to Art. 267 LP.
7 A pledgee who holds assets of the bankrupt debtor and who has not made them available to the office in accordance with Art. 232 para. 2 ch. 4 LP forfeits their preferential rights. If they have not participated in the bankruptcy proceedings, their claim, which no longer enjoys a privilege, also falls within the scope of Art. 267 LP. If the pledgee's preferential right is maintained, for example if the failure to make the assets available is excusable (Art. 232 para. 2 no. 4 LP), Art. 269 LP relating to assets discovered after the closure of the bankruptcy allows the creditor to retain their preferential right. In this case, the pledgee may initiate proceedings for the realization of the pledge, provided that the pledge has not been liquidated in the bankruptcy. The uncovered surplus will fall under Art. 267 LP due to non-participation in the bankruptcy.
8 Creditors whose claims arose after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, creditors who have a right of claim (to be asserted within the meaning of art. 242 LP) and creditors in a bankruptcy suspended due to lack of assets (art. 230 LP; see OK-Constantin, Art. 265 LP N. 5). Art. 267 LP also does not apply when bankruptcy is revoked (Art. 195 LP; OK-Constantin, Art. 265a LP N. 13). The costs of proceedings within the meaning of Art. 262 LP are claims of the estate, which do not fall within the scope of Art. 267 LP and are not collated (cf. OK-Constantin, Art. 265 LP N. 5).
III. Effects
9 Creditors who do not participate in the bankruptcy have not taken part in the distribution of funds and cannot claim a bankruptcy dividend. In accordance with Art. 267 LP, their claims are treated in the same way as those for which a certificate of insolvency after bankruptcy has been issued.
10 The claims concerned are subject to the same restrictions as those for which a certificate of insolvency after bankruptcy exists. The restrictions also apply to claims for which there is a certificate of insolvency after seizure. These claims no longer bear interest (Art. 209 para. 1 LP); the absence of interest is enforceable by the debtor in all circumstances. The continuation of the proceedings is also conditional on the debtor's return to better fortune (Art. 265 and 265a LP; see OK-Constantin, Art. 265 LP N. 6 and 22 ff.). If the debtor's financial situation has improved, the creditor may initiate proceedings for the entire claim and not only for the dividend that he would have received in the bankruptcy (OK-Constantin, Art. 265 LP N. 1).
11 While the effects are similar in terms of restrictions, the advantages conferred by the certificate of insolvency apply only to creditors who participated in the bankruptcy proceedings. The fact that there is no certificate of insolvency for claims covered by Art. 267 LP prevents their holder from requesting a seizure within the meaning of Art. 271 para. 1 no. 5 LP (cf. OK-Constantin, Art. 265 LP N. 9). Nor can the creditor request the assignment in his favor of a revocation claim within the meaning of Art. 285 para. 2 no. 2 LP (cf. OK-Constantin, Art. 265 LP N. 20) or participate in the distribution of the proceeds from the realization of assets discovered after the closure of the bankruptcy proceedings (Art. 269 LP).
12 Claims covered by Art. 267 LP are not subject to the statute of limitations of twenty years from the date of issue of the certificate of insolvency (Art. 149a para. 1 LP applicable by reference to Art. 265 para. 2, 1st sentence LP; OK-Constantin, Art. 265 LP N. 8) . They are subject to the “ordinary” limitation periods, in particular those set out in Art. 127 and 128 CO. Where a claim submitted in good time by the creditor has been rejected, with the result that the creditor has not received a certificate of insolvency, the limitation period is interrupted by the intervention in the bankruptcy proceedings. According to Art. 138 para. 3 CO, the limitation period in this case begins to run again from the moment when it is possible to assert the claim again. The acquisition of the limitation period is one of the grounds for the cancellation of a certificate of insolvency, in particular if such a certificate was issued after seizure and the creditor did not participate in the bankruptcy proceedings. The Federal Supreme Court recently confirmed that, in the latter case, Art. 267 LP does not allow for the deduction of a right to the cancellation of certificates of insolvency after seizure for claims not filed in bankruptcy. Such certificates do not have to be deleted if they have not been the subject of a certificate of insolvency after bankruptcy (see also OK-Constantin, Art. 265 LP N. 4 and 10).
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