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- Art. 5a FC
- Art. 6 FC
- Art. 10 FC
- Art. 16 FC
- Art. 17 FC
- Art. 20 FC
- Art. 22 FC
- Art. 29a FC
- Art. 30 FC
- Art. 32 FC
- Art. 42 FC
- Art. 43 FC
- Art. 43a FC
- Art. 55 FC
- Art. 56 FC
- Art. 60 FC
- Art. 68 FC
- Art. 75b FC
- Art. 77 FC
- Art. 96 para. 2 lit. a FC
- Art. 110 FC
- Art. 117a FC
- Art. 118 FC
- Art. 123b FC
- Art. 136 FC
- Art. 166 FC
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- Art. 11 CO
- Art. 12 CO
- Art. 50 CO
- Art. 51 CO
- Art. 84 CO
- Art. 143 CO
- Art. 144 CO
- Art. 145 CO
- Art. 146 CO
- Art. 147 CO
- Art. 148 CO
- Art. 149 CO
- Art. 150 CO
- Art. 701 CO
- Art. 715 CO
- Art. 715a CO
- Art. 734f CO
- Art. 785 CO
- Art. 786 CO
- Art. 787 CO
- Art. 788 CO
- Transitional provisions to the revision of the Stock Corporation Act of June 19, 2020
- Art. 808c CO
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- Art. 2 PRA
- Art. 3 PRA
- Art. 4 PRA
- Art. 6 PRA
- Art. 10 PRA
- Art. 10a PRA
- Art. 11 PRA
- Art. 12 PRA
- Art. 13 PRA
- Art. 14 PRA
- Art. 15 PRA
- Art. 16 PRA
- Art. 17 PRA
- Art. 19 PRA
- Art. 20 PRA
- Art. 21 PRA
- Art. 22 PRA
- Art. 23 PRA
- Art. 24 PRA
- Art. 25 PRA
- Art. 26 PRA
- Art. 27 PRA
- Art. 29 PRA
- Art. 30 PRA
- Art. 31 PRA
- Art. 32 PRA
- Art. 32a PRA
- Art. 33 PRA
- Art. 34 PRA
- Art. 35 PRA
- Art. 36 PRA
- Art. 37 PRA
- Art. 38 PRA
- Art. 39 PRA
- Art. 40 PRA
- Art. 41 PRA
- Art. 42 PRA
- Art. 43 PRA
- Art. 44 PRA
- Art. 45 PRA
- Art. 46 PRA
- Art. 47 PRA
- Art. 48 PRA
- Art. 49 PRA
- Art. 50 PRA
- Art. 51 PRA
- Art. 52 PRA
- Art. 53 PRA
- Art. 54 PRA
- Art. 55 PRA
- Art. 56 PRA
- Art. 57 PRA
- Art. 58 PRA
- Art. 59a PRA
- Art. 59b PRA
- Art. 59c PRA
- Art. 62 PRA
- Art. 63 PRA
- Art. 67 PRA
- Art. 67a PRA
- Art. 67b PRA
- Art. 75 PRA
- Art. 75a PRA
- Art. 76 PRA
- Art. 76a PRA
- Art. 90 PRA
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- Vorb. zu Art. 1 FADP
- Art. 1 FADP
- Art. 2 FADP
- Art. 3 FADP
- Art. 5 lit. f und g FADP
- Art. 6 Abs. 6 and 7 FADP
- Art. 7 FADP
- Art. 10 FADP
- Art. 11 FADP
- Art. 12 FADP
- Art. 14 FADP
- Art. 15 FADP
- Art. 19 FADP
- Art. 20 FADP
- Art. 22 FADP
- Art. 23 FADP
- Art. 25 FADP
- Art. 26 FADP
- Art. 27 FADP
- Art. 31 para. 2 lit. e FADP
- Art. 33 FADP
- Art. 34 FADP
- Art. 35 FADP
- Art. 38 FADP
- Art. 39 FADP
- Art. 40 FADP
- Art. 41 FADP
- Art. 42 FADP
- Art. 43 FADP
- Art. 44 FADP
- Art. 44a FADP
- Art. 45 FADP
- Art. 46 FADP
- Art. 47 FADP
- Art. 47a FADP
- Art. 48 FADP
- Art. 49 FADP
- Art. 50 FADP
- Art. 51 FADP
- Art. 54 FADP
- Art. 57 FADP
- Art. 58 FADP
- Art. 60 FADP
- Art. 61 FADP
- Art. 62 FADP
- Art. 63 FADP
- Art. 64 FADP
- Art. 65 FADP
- Art. 66 FADP
- Art. 67 FADP
- Art. 69 FADP
- Art. 72 FADP
- Art. 72a FADP
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- Art. 2 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 3 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 4 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 5 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 6 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 7 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 8 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 9 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 11 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 12 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 25 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 29 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 32 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 33 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 34 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
FEDERAL CONSTITUTION
CODE OF OBLIGATIONS
FEDERAL LAW ON PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
LUGANO CONVENTION
CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE
FEDERAL ACT ON POLITICAL RIGHTS
CIVIL CODE
FEDERAL ACT ON CARTELS AND OTHER RESTRAINTS OF COMPETITION
FEDERAL ACT ON INTERNATIONAL MUTUAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS
DEBT ENFORCEMENT AND BANKRUPTCY ACT
FEDERAL ACT ON DATA PROTECTION
SWISS CRIMINAL CODE
CYBERCRIME CONVENTION
- in a nutshell
- I. General
- II. Principle: Prohibition of secondary employment (para. 1)
- III. Exception: Authorization of secondary employment (para. 2)
- Bibliography
- Materials
in a nutshell
As a matter of principle, the commissioner may not engage in any secondary employment (Art. 47 Para. 1 FADP). This prohibition helps to strengthen independence. In order for an activity to qualify as secondary employment, it must be of a certain quality and intensity. It does not matter whether the activity is remunerated or not. By way of exception, the Federal Judicial Commission may allow the Commissioner to exercise a secondary activity, provided that neither the exercise of the function, nor the independence, nor the reputation of the FDPIC are impaired (Art. 47 para. 2 FADP). In view of the high demands on the independence of the commissioner, a strict standard is appropriate. Any secondary employment of the officer must be published in order to take account of the need for transparency.
I. General
A. Norm Purpose
1 Art. 47 FADP provides that the Commissioner may not, in principle, engage in any secondary employment (Art. 47 para. 1; n. 4 f.). This special legal regulation, which is stricter than the general federal personnel law (Art. 23 BPG in conjunction with Art. 91 BPV), takes into account the independence of the appointee. In the performance of his or her duties, the appointee should not have any conflict of interest that could compromise his or her independence and cast doubt on the credibility of the office.
B. History of origins
2 The fundamental prohibition of secondary employment for the Commissioner was already introduced in the first stage of the total revision of the FADP in Art. 26b aFADP (data protection provisions for Schengen cooperation in criminal matters). Regarding the secondary employment, the requirements of Art. 42 (3) of Directive (EU) 2016/680 were authoritative. The provisions entered into force on March 1, 2019.
3 In terms of content, Art. 47 FADP has not changed since then. However, the responsibility for authorizing secondary employment of the appointee has been adjusted twice: In the version of the totally revised FADP of September 15, 2020, the task was transferred to the United Federal Assembly. Subsequently, concerns arose that the allocation of tasks was not appropriate to the levels and that the procedure could prove too cumbersome in practice. Therefore, within the framework of the parliamentary initiative SPK-N 21.443, the Judicial Commission was declared responsible (Art. 47 para. 2; cf. n. 11 et seq.).
II. Principle: Prohibition of secondary employment (para. 1)
4 Art. 47 para. 1 FADP prohibits the Commissioner from engaging in secondary employment. This applies regardless of whether such activity is remunerated or not. The fundamental prohibition of secondary employment thus goes further than the incompatibility rule enshrined in Art. 46 FADP and includes, in particular, cantonal and municipal offices or employment.
5 The FADP does not define the term secondary employment. However, it is clear from the materials that not every activity that the Commissioner performs in addition to his or her office is to be considered inadmissible. Instead, the secondary employment must be of a certain quality and intensity. In particular, leisure activities or hobbies are not considered to be secondary employment.
III. Exception: Authorization of secondary employment (para. 2)
6 Exceptions to the prohibition of secondary employment are possible under the conditions of Art. 47 Para. 2 FADP: The Judicial Commission may permit the Commissioner to engage in secondary employment (cf. N. 11 ff.), provided that neither the exercise of the function, nor the independence, nor the reputation of the FDPIC are impaired (cf. N. 7 ff.). The aforementioned requirements are to be understood cumulatively. When granting approval, the judicial commission takes into account in particular the content of the secondary employment, the time required and the amount of any compensation.
A. Content-related requirements
7 First, the secondary employment must not interfere with the commissioner's performance of his or her duties. The performance of duties should not be restricted by the absence or unavailability of the appointee. It should be noted that the office of the Commissioner - unlike under previous law, in which no specific degree of employment was prescribed - may now only be exercised on a full-time basis (Art. 8 of the Ordinance of the Federal Assembly of 17 June 2022 on the Employment Relationship of the Head of the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner). This is related to the demands on the office, which have increased in particular due to digitalization, as well as the new tasks and competences that the FDPIC will receive as part of the total revision of the FADP (e.g. new powers of investigation and disposition under Art. 49 ff. FADP).
8 Secondly, the secondary employment must not impair the independence of the FDPIC. A conflict of interest or the mere appearance of a conflict of interest must be legally and factually excluded.
9 Thirdly, the secondary employment must not impair the reputation of the FDPIC. This is all the more true since the function of the FDPIC is highly personalized and a negative perception of the appointee or appointees may also have an impact on the authority of the FDPIC.
10 Examples:
Serving as a member of a company's executive board, board of directors, or auditing body is likely to impair the appointee's independence as a general rule (and, depending on the scope of the activity, may also limit the appointee's availability for the office).
Furthermore, activities for associations whose objectives call into question data protection or supervision by the FDPIC would be inadmissible, as this would jeopardize the reputation of the FDPIC.
Whether a teaching activity (e.g. as a lecturer at a university) could be approved depends on the circumstances of the individual case. In any case, only a smaller workload would be possible.
B. Responsibility
11 The judicial commission is responsible for approving secondary employment (for the history of the development of Art. 47 para. 2 FADP, cf. n. 2 f.).
12 On the basis of the information submitted by the appointee, the Judicial Commission examines in each individual case whether the criteria for an exception to the fundamental prohibition of secondary employment are met. In view of the high requirements for the independence of the commissioner, a strict standard is appropriate. However, if the requirements of Art. 47 Para. 2 FADP are clearly met, it would be arbitrary for the Judicial Commission to refuse to grant the appointee an exemption.
13 The decision of the court commission is published (Art. 47 para. 2 second sentence FADP). This contributes to transparency regarding the office of the commissioner.
The opinion expressed reflects the personal opinion of the authorship and does not bind the Federal Office of Justice.
Bibliography
Baeriswyl Bruno, Kommentierung zu Art. 47 DSG, in: Baeriswyl Bruno/Pärli Kurt/Blonski Dominika (Hrsg.), Datenschutzgesetz, Stämpflis Handkommentar, 2. Aufl., Bern 2023.
Huber René, Kommentierung zu Art. 47 DSG, in: Maurer-Lambrou Urs/Blechta Gabor-Paul (Hrsg.), Datenschutzgesetz/Öffentlichkeitsgesetz, Basler Kommentar, 3. Aufl., Basel 2014.
Petermann Büttler Judith, Kommentierung zu Art. 47 DSG, in: Bieri Adrian/Powell Julian (Hrsg.), Datenschutzgesetz, Orell Füssli Kommentar, Zürich 2023.
Materials
Botschaft des Bundesrates vom 15.9.2017 zum Bundesgesetz über die Totalrevision des Bundesgesetzes über den Datenschutz und die Änderung weiterer Erlasse zum Datenschutz (BBl 2017 S. 6941).
Bericht des Bundesamtes für Justiz von Oktober 2018 zum Bundesgesetz über die Umsetzung der Richtlinie (EU) 2016/680 zum Schutz natürlicher Personen bei der Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten zum Zwecke der Verhütung, Ermittlung, Aufdeckung oder Verfolgung von Straftaten oder der Strafvollstreckung.
Bericht der SPK-N vom 27.1.2022 zur parlamentarischen Initiative 21.443 «Verordnung über das Arbeitsverhältnis der Leiterin oder des Leiters des Eidgenössischen Datenschutz- und Öffentlichkeitsbeauftragten» (BBl 2022 S. 345).