-
- Art. 5a FC
- Art. 6 FC
- Art. 10 FC
- Art. 16 FC
- Art. 17 FC
- Art. 20 FC
- Art. 22 FC
- Art. 29a FC
- Art. 30 FC
- Art. 32 FC
- Art. 42 FC
- Art. 43 FC
- Art. 43a FC
- Art. 55 FC
- Art. 56 FC
- Art. 60 FC
- Art. 68 FC
- Art. 75b FC
- Art. 77 FC
- Art. 96 para. 2 lit. a FC
- Art. 110 FC
- Art. 117a FC
- Art. 118 FC
- Art. 123b FC
- Art. 136 FC
- Art. 166 FC
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- Art. 11 CO
- Art. 12 CO
- Art. 50 CO
- Art. 51 CO
- Art. 84 CO
- Art. 143 CO
- Art. 144 CO
- Art. 145 CO
- Art. 146 CO
- Art. 147 CO
- Art. 148 CO
- Art. 149 CO
- Art. 150 CO
- Art. 701 CO
- Art. 715 CO
- Art. 715a CO
- Art. 734f CO
- Art. 785 CO
- Art. 786 CO
- Art. 787 CO
- Art. 788 CO
- Transitional provisions to the revision of the Stock Corporation Act of June 19, 2020
- Art. 808c CO
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- Art. 2 PRA
- Art. 3 PRA
- Art. 4 PRA
- Art. 6 PRA
- Art. 10 PRA
- Art. 10a PRA
- Art. 11 PRA
- Art. 12 PRA
- Art. 13 PRA
- Art. 14 PRA
- Art. 15 PRA
- Art. 16 PRA
- Art. 17 PRA
- Art. 19 PRA
- Art. 20 PRA
- Art. 21 PRA
- Art. 22 PRA
- Art. 23 PRA
- Art. 24 PRA
- Art. 25 PRA
- Art. 26 PRA
- Art. 27 PRA
- Art. 29 PRA
- Art. 30 PRA
- Art. 31 PRA
- Art. 32 PRA
- Art. 32a PRA
- Art. 33 PRA
- Art. 34 PRA
- Art. 35 PRA
- Art. 36 PRA
- Art. 37 PRA
- Art. 38 PRA
- Art. 39 PRA
- Art. 40 PRA
- Art. 41 PRA
- Art. 42 PRA
- Art. 43 PRA
- Art. 44 PRA
- Art. 45 PRA
- Art. 46 PRA
- Art. 47 PRA
- Art. 48 PRA
- Art. 49 PRA
- Art. 50 PRA
- Art. 51 PRA
- Art. 52 PRA
- Art. 53 PRA
- Art. 54 PRA
- Art. 55 PRA
- Art. 56 PRA
- Art. 57 PRA
- Art. 58 PRA
- Art. 59a PRA
- Art. 59b PRA
- Art. 59c PRA
- Art. 62 PRA
- Art. 63 PRA
- Art. 67 PRA
- Art. 67a PRA
- Art. 67b PRA
- Art. 75 PRA
- Art. 75a PRA
- Art. 76 PRA
- Art. 76a PRA
- Art. 90 PRA
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- Vorb. zu Art. 1 FADP
- Art. 1 FADP
- Art. 2 FADP
- Art. 3 FADP
- Art. 5 lit. f und g FADP
- Art. 6 Abs. 6 and 7 FADP
- Art. 7 FADP
- Art. 10 FADP
- Art. 11 FADP
- Art. 12 FADP
- Art. 14 FADP
- Art. 15 FADP
- Art. 19 FADP
- Art. 20 FADP
- Art. 22 FADP
- Art. 23 FADP
- Art. 25 FADP
- Art. 26 FADP
- Art. 27 FADP
- Art. 31 para. 2 lit. e FADP
- Art. 33 FADP
- Art. 34 FADP
- Art. 35 FADP
- Art. 38 FADP
- Art. 39 FADP
- Art. 40 FADP
- Art. 41 FADP
- Art. 42 FADP
- Art. 43 FADP
- Art. 44 FADP
- Art. 44a FADP
- Art. 45 FADP
- Art. 46 FADP
- Art. 47 FADP
- Art. 47a FADP
- Art. 48 FADP
- Art. 49 FADP
- Art. 50 FADP
- Art. 51 FADP
- Art. 54 FADP
- Art. 57 FADP
- Art. 58 FADP
- Art. 60 FADP
- Art. 61 FADP
- Art. 62 FADP
- Art. 63 FADP
- Art. 64 FADP
- Art. 65 FADP
- Art. 66 FADP
- Art. 67 FADP
- Art. 69 FADP
- Art. 72 FADP
- Art. 72a FADP
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- Art. 2 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 3 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 4 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 5 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 6 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 7 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 8 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 9 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 11 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 12 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 25 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 29 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 32 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 33 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 34 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
FEDERAL CONSTITUTION
CODE OF OBLIGATIONS
FEDERAL LAW ON PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
LUGANO CONVENTION
CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE
FEDERAL ACT ON POLITICAL RIGHTS
CIVIL CODE
FEDERAL ACT ON CARTELS AND OTHER RESTRAINTS OF COMPETITION
FEDERAL ACT ON INTERNATIONAL MUTUAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS
DEBT ENFORCEMENT AND BANKRUPTCY ACT
FEDERAL ACT ON DATA PROTECTION
SWISS CRIMINAL CODE
CYBERCRIME CONVENTION
- I. History of origin
- II. Comparison of laws
- III. Significance of the provision and content of the provision
- Bibliography
I. History of origin
1 Art. 57 was incorporated into the new PRA as a so-called "redrafting" without further justification. The provision did not lead to any discussion in either the National Council or the Council of States.
2 The predecessor provision in Art. 32 of the repealed Federal Act on Federal Elections and Votes of 1872 stated that the "term of office of the National Council [...] shall expire in the year in which it falls into complete renewal, each time on the Sunday preceding the first Monday of December". The constituent session of the National Council took place at 10 a.m. on the first Monday of December following the general elections. This meant that there was a power vacuum between midnight and the convening of the newly elected National Council. This is no longer possible with the provision in Art. 57 PRA.
II. Comparison of laws
3 The cantons usually determine the end of the term of office of their parliaments in their decrees concerning the election of their parliament or in the parliamentary rules of procedure. Most cantons define the end of the term of office analogously to Art. 57 PRA, which means that the term of office ends after renewal elections when the newly elected parliament is constituted.
4 In a few cantons, the law stipulates a specific date on which the term of office of the newly elected parliament begins; they also explicitly or implicitly stipulate that the term of office of the previously elected parliament ends at the end of the previous day. Such regulations can be problematic in an emergency. If the newly elected parliament cannot be constituted on the date stipulated by law due to pending or successful election complaints or for unforeseen reasons, the canton will no longer have a parliament for a certain period. In my opinion, the term of office of the parliament currently in office must be extended for a nutshell in such cases in order to guarantee the functioning of the state.
5 In cantons that, by contrast, do not include any provisions in their enactments regarding the end of the parliament's term of office, it must be assumed for reasons of legal certainty that the term of office of the previously elected parliament only ends when the newly elected parliament is constituted.
III. Significance of the provision and content of the provision
6 Art. 57 PRA is the logical supplement to Art. 53 para. 1 sentence 3 PRA (commencement of the term of office). It is necessary so that the complete renewal of the National Council required by Art. 149 para. 2 sentence 2 FC can take place at all.
7 The term of office of the previously elected National Council ends when the newly elected National Council is constituted. This ends not only the previous legislative term of the National Council (as a body), but also the respective personal term of office of each individual member of the National Council. The outgoing members of the National Council from the previous legislative period lose their rights and duties as members of the Council when the newly elected National Council is constituted.
I would like to thank Benjamin Böhler, BLaw, assistant at the Center for Democracy Aarau, for his assistance in researching the material and his valuable comments, as well as Janis Denzler, BLaw, assistant at the Center for Democracy Aarau, for his critical review of the text and his valuable comments.
Bibliography
Brunner Arthur/Glaser Andreas, Kommentierung zu Art. 145 BV, in: Ehrenzeller Bernhard/Egli Patricia/Hettich Peter/Hongler Peter/Schindler Benjamin/Schmid Stefan G./Schweizer Rainer J. (Hrsg.), Bundesverfassung, St. Galler Kommentar, 4. Aufl., Zürich 2023.
Hangartner Yvo/Kley Andreas/Braun Binder Nadja/Glaser Andreas, Die demokratischen Rechte in Bund und Kantonen der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft, 2. Aufl., Zürich 2023.
Lammers Guillaume, Kommentierung zu Art. 149 BV, in: Martenet Vincent/Dubey Jacques (Hrsg.), Constitution fédérale, Commentaire romand, Basel 2021.
Markić Luka, Kommentierung zu Art. 53 BPR, in: Glaser Andreas/Braun Binder Nadja/Bisaz Corsin/Tornay Schaller Bénédicte (Hrsg.), Onlinekommentar zum Bundesgesetz über die politischen Rechte, abrufbar unter https://onlinekommentar.ch/de/kommentare/bpr53, besucht am 18.10.2023.
Thurnherr Daniela, Kommentierung zu Art. 149 BV, in: Waldmann Bernhard/Besler Eva Maria/Epiney Astrid (Hrsg.), Bundesverfassung, Basler Kommentar, Basel 2015.