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- Art. 5a FC
- Art. 6 FC
- Art. 10 FC
- Art. 16 FC
- Art. 17 FC
- Art. 20 FC
- Art. 22 FC
- Art. 29a FC
- Art. 30 FC
- Art. 32 FC
- Art. 42 FC
- Art. 43 FC
- Art. 43a FC
- Art. 55 FC
- Art. 56 FC
- Art. 60 FC
- Art. 68 FC
- Art. 75b FC
- Art. 77 FC
- Art. 96 para. 2 lit. a FC
- Art. 110 FC
- Art. 117a FC
- Art. 118 FC
- Art. 123b FC
- Art. 136 FC
- Art. 166 FC
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- Art. 11 CO
- Art. 12 CO
- Art. 50 CO
- Art. 51 CO
- Art. 84 CO
- Art. 143 CO
- Art. 144 CO
- Art. 145 CO
- Art. 146 CO
- Art. 147 CO
- Art. 148 CO
- Art. 149 CO
- Art. 150 CO
- Art. 701 CO
- Art. 715 CO
- Art. 715a CO
- Art. 734f CO
- Art. 785 CO
- Art. 786 CO
- Art. 787 CO
- Art. 788 CO
- Transitional provisions to the revision of the Stock Corporation Act of June 19, 2020
- Art. 808c CO
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- Art. 2 PRA
- Art. 3 PRA
- Art. 4 PRA
- Art. 6 PRA
- Art. 10 PRA
- Art. 10a PRA
- Art. 11 PRA
- Art. 12 PRA
- Art. 13 PRA
- Art. 14 PRA
- Art. 15 PRA
- Art. 16 PRA
- Art. 17 PRA
- Art. 19 PRA
- Art. 20 PRA
- Art. 21 PRA
- Art. 22 PRA
- Art. 23 PRA
- Art. 24 PRA
- Art. 25 PRA
- Art. 26 PRA
- Art. 27 PRA
- Art. 29 PRA
- Art. 30 PRA
- Art. 31 PRA
- Art. 32 PRA
- Art. 32a PRA
- Art. 33 PRA
- Art. 34 PRA
- Art. 35 PRA
- Art. 36 PRA
- Art. 37 PRA
- Art. 38 PRA
- Art. 39 PRA
- Art. 40 PRA
- Art. 41 PRA
- Art. 42 PRA
- Art. 43 PRA
- Art. 44 PRA
- Art. 45 PRA
- Art. 46 PRA
- Art. 47 PRA
- Art. 48 PRA
- Art. 49 PRA
- Art. 50 PRA
- Art. 51 PRA
- Art. 52 PRA
- Art. 53 PRA
- Art. 54 PRA
- Art. 55 PRA
- Art. 56 PRA
- Art. 57 PRA
- Art. 58 PRA
- Art. 59a PRA
- Art. 59b PRA
- Art. 59c PRA
- Art. 62 PRA
- Art. 63 PRA
- Art. 67 PRA
- Art. 67a PRA
- Art. 67b PRA
- Art. 75 PRA
- Art. 75a PRA
- Art. 76 PRA
- Art. 76a PRA
- Art. 90 PRA
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- Vorb. zu Art. 1 FADP
- Art. 1 FADP
- Art. 2 FADP
- Art. 3 FADP
- Art. 5 lit. f und g FADP
- Art. 6 Abs. 6 and 7 FADP
- Art. 7 FADP
- Art. 10 FADP
- Art. 11 FADP
- Art. 12 FADP
- Art. 14 FADP
- Art. 15 FADP
- Art. 19 FADP
- Art. 20 FADP
- Art. 22 FADP
- Art. 23 FADP
- Art. 25 FADP
- Art. 26 FADP
- Art. 27 FADP
- Art. 31 para. 2 lit. e FADP
- Art. 33 FADP
- Art. 34 FADP
- Art. 35 FADP
- Art. 38 FADP
- Art. 39 FADP
- Art. 40 FADP
- Art. 41 FADP
- Art. 42 FADP
- Art. 43 FADP
- Art. 44 FADP
- Art. 44a FADP
- Art. 45 FADP
- Art. 46 FADP
- Art. 47 FADP
- Art. 47a FADP
- Art. 48 FADP
- Art. 49 FADP
- Art. 50 FADP
- Art. 51 FADP
- Art. 54 FADP
- Art. 57 FADP
- Art. 58 FADP
- Art. 60 FADP
- Art. 61 FADP
- Art. 62 FADP
- Art. 63 FADP
- Art. 64 FADP
- Art. 65 FADP
- Art. 66 FADP
- Art. 67 FADP
- Art. 69 FADP
- Art. 72 FADP
- Art. 72a FADP
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- Art. 2 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 3 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 4 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 5 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 6 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 7 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 8 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 9 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 11 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 12 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 25 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 29 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 32 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 33 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
- Art. 34 CCC (Convention on Cybercrime)
FEDERAL CONSTITUTION
CODE OF OBLIGATIONS
FEDERAL LAW ON PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
LUGANO CONVENTION
CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE
FEDERAL ACT ON POLITICAL RIGHTS
CIVIL CODE
FEDERAL ACT ON CARTELS AND OTHER RESTRAINTS OF COMPETITION
FEDERAL ACT ON INTERNATIONAL MUTUAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS
DEBT ENFORCEMENT AND BANKRUPTCY ACT
FEDERAL ACT ON DATA PROTECTION
SWISS CRIMINAL CODE
CYBERCRIME CONVENTION
I. History of origins
1 The wording according to which the purged election proposals are called lists and the requirement that the lists be given order numbers were already contained in the National Council Elections Act of 1919 and were carried over unchanged into the PRA in 1976. According to the National Council Election Act, the lists were numbered "according to the order in which they were received". In the PRA, this passage was dispensed with "in order to prevent the often exaggerated competition according to the first numbers of the lists", as the Federal Council wrote in its dispatch. Since then, it has been left to the cantons to decide according to which rules they assign the list numbers.
II. Significance of the provision
A. General
2 The provision stipulates that the revised election proposals are to be called lists and that - for reasons of electoral organisation - they are to be given serial numbers. The rules governing the allocation of serial numbers are a matter for cantonal law.
B. Comparison of laws
3 The German-speaking cantons have adopted the wording of the PRA, according to which the cleared election proposals are referred to as lists. In cantonal parliamentary elections, lists are also assigned order numbers. The criteria used are usually party strength (which is defined differently) and/or the time at which the nominations are received; in some cases, a lot is also drawn. The cantons of Glarus, Ticino, Vaud and Geneva have a pure draw procedure in which all list numbers are drawn by lot. There are also other models, for example in the canton of Zug the lists are numbered in alphabetical order according to their name. In the canton of Zug, the lists are numbered in alphabetical order according to their designation.
III. Lists
A. Terminology (para. 1)
4 The provision states that the "election proposals" are to be referred to as "lists" after they have been cleared up. This terminology corresponds to an official or academic usage. In public, in the communications of the parties and in the media, the "election proposals" are already also referred to as "lists". There is talk of the submission of lists, of men's and women's lists of a party, of list numbers, list officers, etc. In the French legal text, the election proposals are called "listes de candidatures" and the lists "listes électorales", in public one speaks simply of "listes" and also in the cantonal parliamentary electoral law, before and after the purification phase, one often speaks of "listes" without a clarifying addition.
B. Order numbers (para. 2)
5 According to this provision, the lists must be provided with order numbers (list numbers). This is required for organisational reasons: The list numbers are decisive for the order in which the lists are published, for the order of the lists in the ballot paper block, for the recording of the lists in the electoral computer system, etc. Furthermore, list numbers also serve to orientate the electorate.
6 The rules for the allocation of list numbers in National Council elections are laid down by cantonal law, and they are varied. Criteria are usually (in different forms) the party strength and/or the time of receipt of the election proposals, and in some cases lottery procedures are also used (these too in different forms).
7 Below are the rules for allocating list numbers in some selected cantons (an overview of the 2023 National Council elections can be found on the Federal Chancellery website
Zurich: The list numbers are initially allocated according to party strength, first to the lists represented in the National Council according to the party votes obtained in the last National Council elections in the canton (the list with the highest number of votes receives the number 1), then to the lists not represented in the National Council but represented in the cantonal council according to the party votes obtained in the last cantonal council elections, followed as the third category by (previously not taken into account) lists that are in a sub-list connection with a list represented in the National Council, again according to the party votes obtained in the last National Council election. The list numbers of the remaining lists are drawn by lot.
Bern: The lists are numbered according to the number of party votes obtained in the last National Council elections, whereby the party votes of several lists of the same political grouping are added together. The lists of the same political grouping shall be numbered consecutively. Lists running for the first time receive an allocated list number.
Aargau: The lists are numbered according to the party strength (number of party votes in the last National Council election) with numbers, lists of the same political grouping are additionally marked by a letter (list 1a, 1b, 1c etc.). The list numbers for newly submitted lists are drawn by lot.
St. Gallen: The lists are numbered according to the party strength (number of party votes in the last National Council election) with numbers, lists of the same political grouping are additionally marked by a letter (list 1a, 1b, 1c etc.). The list numbers for newly submitted lists are allocated according to the order in which the lists are received; the list numbers for lists received on the same day are allocated by lot.
Basel-Stadt: Election proposals from parties and groups that took part in the previous proportional representation election under the same name or "with an uncontested claim to succession" are assigned a traditional ordinal number.
Thurgau: The lists are allocated according to the order of receipt of the election proposals. Among election proposals received on the same day, the list number is drawn by lot.
Tessin, Waadt, Genf: Die Listennummern sämtlicher Listen werden ausgelost
Zug: The lists are numbered in alphabetical order according to the initial letters of the titles (list designations).
8 The rules for assigning list numbers are a constant topic in debates on electoral law. Although not clearly provable, it is assumed, at least in some parties, that a low list number can give an electoral advantage. Under this assumption, the distribution of list numbers according to party strength is disturbing with regard to the equal treatment of all candidate groups to be guaranteed by the electoral authority, since it favours the large parties. The allocation of the numbers according to the time of receipt of the election proposals has the disadvantage that, as practice shows, there are constant discussions about the type of changes that cause a proposal to lose the allocated number and to be considered as newly submitted. A consecutive numbering of the lists of the same grouping makes the list tableau clearer, but also reinforces the weaknesses of both models (party strength or date of receipt). Ultimately, the solution of the cantons of Ticino, Vaud and Geneva, in which all list numbers are determined by lot, appears to be the fairest, particularly with regard to equal opportunities for parties and groups.
Materials
Beschluss des Regierungsrats des Kantons Bern vom 12.8.1987 «betreffend die Nummerierung der Listen bei den Nationalratswahlen» (BSG 141.122).
Botschaft des Bundesrates an die Bundesversammlung zu einem Bundesgesetz über die politischen Rechte vom 9.4.1975 (BBl 1975 I 1317).